b'GLOBAL PERSPECTIVEFigure 1 Sales of residential geothermal heat pumps (number of units)Figure 3. Concentration of geothermal heat pumps in a suburb of StockholmFigure 2 Concentration of geothermal heat pumps in a suburb of Stockholm Figure 3. Concentration de pompeschaleur gothermiques dans une banlieue de Stockholmwith an electric heat pump are generally determined by themunies. En fait, le pays a la plus forte pntration de pompesenergy price ratio between electricity and the energy carrier tochaleur gothermiques par habitant au monde (AIE, 2019). Au be replaced. Over the last two decades, the energy price ratiocours des 16 dernires annes, les ventes cumules de pompes between electricity and heating oil has been mostly below 1.5, chaleur gothermiques rsidentielles en Sude, un pays avec meaning conversion to an electric heat pump will typically cutune population de seulement 10,5 millions dhabitants, ont t heating costs by more than 50 per cent.au mme niveau quaux tats-Unis.Soon after the millennium shift, sales of geothermal heatAprs un dmarrage lent dans les annes quatre-vingt-dix, pumps picked up speed. In the suburbs of major Swedishles ventes de pompeschaleur ont commencaugmenter cities, drilling rigs were seen more frequently and heat pumpsen raison de la hausse des prix du ptrole et de lintroduction became a common topic of conversation among neighbours.dincitations. La Sude a t le premier pays dEuropeAfter a while, peer pressure became a major driver to installingintroduire une taxe carbone, ce qui a port le prix du mazout a geothermal heat pump.de chauffageun niveau douloureux, tandis quen mme temps le prix de llectricit restaitun niveauAround this time, a magazine in Stockholm published anplus raisonnable. article on what it called the BBB syndrome that had hit theLes conomies ralises sont dtermines par le rapport citys posh suburbs. The three Bs defined the most attrac- de prix entre llectricit et le vecteur nergtiqueremplacer. tive status symbols for residents: Boat, BMW and BergvarmeAu cours des deux dernires dcennies, le rapport entre (geothermal heat pump). llectricit et le mazout de chauffage a t principalement The concentration of geothermal drillings in these neigh- infrieur1,5, ce qui signifie que la conversion rduira les bourhoods has been extremely high. The map of Bromma (acots de chauffage de plus de 50 %.suburb near Stockholm) in Figure 3 shows the concentrationAvec le nouveau millnaire, les ventes de pompeschaleur of geothermal vertical loops in green. Many of the buildingsgothermiques ont pris de la vitesse. Dans les banlieues des without a geothermal borehole simply use another type of heatgrandes villes sudoises, les appareils de forage se sont multi-pump. The share of households still using an oil boiler is nowplis et la thermopompe est devenue un sujet de conversation less than three per cent. courant entre voisins. 18 InsightSpring 2023'