b'indices to violent crime data. The purpose was to inves- less an offender. Quantitatively drilling down within the tigate whether a combined analysis of both victimizationvictim-offender overlap through harm focused data analy-and offending could better define, target and predict thosesis and scoring of both dimensions enables police to better who will suffer and cause violent crime. understand the polarized cases within the victim-offender Inthisstudy,27,233individualswereidentifiedinspectrumandallthevariationsofthevictim-offender 41,457 police-reported violent crimes during the sampleinterrelationshipfallinginbetweenformoreimpactful triggeringintakeperiodbetweenJanuary1,2014andproactive strategy. December 31, 2016. Crime counts and CCSI scores wereAs such, part two of the research methods employed then used to prioritize and order individuals from highestin this study responds to this issue of the complex inter-crime severity harm score to lowest across all groups by cal- play of variations in the victim-offender interrelationship culating days of imprisonment based on actual sentencing.(illustrated below in figure 3) that highlights the practical During the two-year tracking and follow-up period, 16,141need to separate this broad group into more homogenous (59.3 per cent) individuals were identified as victims andsubgroups. To achieve this, a new method was created, 9,427 (35 per cent) as offenders. A combined analysis ofreferred to as a disaggregating ratio of harm (DRH) used both victim and offender dimensions revealed 1,665 (6 pertoseparatevictim-offendersintothreenewpioneering cent) victim-offenders, previously hidden within our policesub-categorizations. data (See Figure 2). Inthebelowgraph,victim-offenderswhosuffer more victimization than offending are plotted in blue as PredominantVictims.Alternatively,thosewhoinflict more offending than victimization are plotted in red as PredominantOffenders.The50/50victim-offender experiencingmorebalancedvariationsofthisinter-relationship,layinbetween,indicatedingreyasthe Victim-Offender subgroup. Figure 2.2014 - 2016 Research Sample - Triggering Intake Period and 2-Year Tracking and Follow-Up.The most striking and surprising finding from the data analysis was that despite being the smallest represented group, victim-offenders accounted for the highest average per person crime count and harm score against that of all other groups. Meaning, this small concentrated group of individuals living and breathing within our police data are both suffering and inflicting a significant and disproportion- Figure 3- Disaggregating Victim-Offenders ate amount of violent crime harmmaking them our highinto Homogenous Sub-Categorizationsharm few (Sherman 2007; 2019). (Both X and Y axis measure severity of harm in days of imprisonment according to the Canadian Crime Severity Index) Victim-Offenders, Vulnerability and RiskAll crime is not created equal, nor are individuals containedStrikingly, post-DRH separation, our focus shifts from the within this victim-offender overlap, as victimization andlarger overarching victim-offender group to the smaller, offending vary in both frequency and type. Why do wemoreconcentratednewpredominantoffendersub-care? Evidence-based police strategies and multi-sectoralgroup. Remarkably, these predominant offenders tucked approaches are more effective in targeting and addressingwithin the victim-offender umbrella together possess the risk factors when well informed.highest amount of collective harm as well as the highest Our police experience tells us that an individual sufferingconcentrationofindividualizedharm.Thesesignificant from high harm violent crime who commits a low-levelfindingssuggestasmallidentifiableconcentrationof assault as a result of that suffering may be no less a victim.individualsengagingincriminalactivity,sufferingand Alternatively, a prolific violent offender who suffers from ainflictingthehighestdisproportionateamountofharm low-level assault as a result of that offending, may be nothan any other group within this three-year data set.The Official Publication of the Ontario Association of Chiefs of Police19'