b'proof of the actus reas of a safety offence under strict liability of law, requiresthesamelevelofproofpro ofoft heac t u srea sofasa fet y proof of the actus reas of a safetyof fenceu nderst r ic tl iabi l it yoflaw, beyond a reasonable doubt as a crim-offence under strict liability of law, inal charge. Further, many safetyr e qu i r e st hes a mele ve lofpro of requiresthesamelevelofproof statutes have alternative measures orbeyond a reasonable doubt as a c r im-beyond a reasonable doubt as a crim-equivalency provisions, that permiti na lc ha rge.Fu r t he r,ma nys a fet y inal charge. Further, many safetystat utes have a lter nat ive measu res or the contravention of one provision, statutes have alternative measures orpro ofoft heac t u srea sofas a fet y but the compliance with the other,equ iva lenc y prov isions, t hat per m it equivalency provisions, that permitof fenceu nderst r ic tl iabi l it yoflaw, to achieve a positive safety result.t he cont ravent ion of one prov ision, the contravention of one provision,r e qu i r e st hes a mele ve lofpro of Therefore, the mere contravention ofbutt hecompl ia ncew it ht heot her, but the compliance with the other,beyond a reasonable doubt as a c r i m-toac h ieveaposit ivesa fet yresu lt. a safety rule, prior, to or at the timei na lc ha rge.Fu r t he r,ma nys a fet y to achieve a positive safety result.T herefore, t he mere cont ravent ion of of the safety incident, and withoutstat utes have a lter nat ive measu res or Therefore, the mere contravention ofa sa fet y r u le, pr ior, to or at t he t i me a safety rule, prior, to or at the timeoft hesa fet yi nc ident,a ndw it hout the benefit of a hindsight bias, doesequ iva lenc y prov isions, t hat per m it of the safety incident, and withoutt he cont ravent ion of one prov ision, not necessarily mean there is prooft he benef it of a h i ndsight bias, does the benefit of a hindsight bias, doesbutt hecompl ia ncew it ht heot her, of a strict liability offence. notnecessa r i lymea nt hereisproof not necessarily mean there is prooftoac h ieveap osit ivesa fet yresu lt. Further support of this conclu- of a st r ic t l iabi l it y of fence.of a strict liability offence. T herefore, t he mere cont ravent ion of sion, is important to recognize theF u r t he rs upp or toft h i sconc lu -Further support of this conclu- a sa fet y r u le, pr ior, to or at t he t i me PROFESSIONAL SERVICES DIRECTORY sion,i si mp or t a nttore cog n i zet he existence of two, positive defences, sion, is important to recognize theoft hesa fet yi nc ident,a ndw it hout found under the general rubric ofe x i ste nce of t wo, p osit ive de fe nce s, existence of two, positive defences,PUMPSt he benef it of a h i ndsight bias, does MANHOLE - CATCH BASIN FRAMES PIPES & FITTINGS & COVERSdue diligence. In Sault Ste. Marie 5 fou ndu nde rt hege ne r a lr ubr icof M Con Pipe & Products Inc. 28Xylem IncInside Back Cover .found under the general rubric ofxylem.com/en-ca/ notnecessa r i lymea nt hereisproof EJ13www.mconpipe.com due d i l ige nce. I n S au lt Ste. Ma r ie 5www.ejco.com the two branches of the due dili- of a st r ic t l iabi l it y of fence.due diligence. In Sault Ste. Marie 5Victaulic. 35SEWER & DRAIN INSPECTIONt het wobr a nc he soft hedued i l i-gencebranches of the due dili- Eye-View Services 37 PAVING, ASPHALT, PIPE & AGGREGATESoffence, the mistake of factF u r t he r s up p or t oft h i s c onc lu -the two victaulic.com ge nceof fe nce,t hem i st a keoffac t Coco Group .18www.eye-view.cagence offence, the mistake of fact www.cocogroup.com branch, and the reasonable precau- sion,i si mp or t a nttor e cog n i z et he PRE-CAST CONCRETE PRODUCTSbra nc h, a nd t he rea sonable pre c au-. SHORING, TRENCH BOXES,M Con Pipe & Products Inc. 28 branch, and the reasonable precau- e x i ste nce of t wo, p osit ive de fe nce s, PIPE SUPPLIERStions branch,effectively provide at ion sbra nc h, e f fe c t ive lyprov idea www.mconpipe.com CONSTRUCTION LASERStions branch,effectively provide a ADS Canada Inside Front CoverDirect Equipment Limited . 38fou ndu nde rt hege ne r a lr ubr icof defence in strict liability chargesde fe nc ei nst r ic tl i abi l it yc h a r ge s www.ads-pipe.com M CON Products Inc. 32www.directequipment.comdefence in strict liability chargesdue d i l ige nce. I n S au lt Ste. 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