b'moresuccessfulthanmenthroughsolutionshavebeencreditedwithEffects on crime reporting and domestic the entirety of the selection process,increased rates of women and min- violence escalation. University of Zurich, UBS International Center of Economics in could be used to publicly challengeoritiesinpolicingagencies19,20andSociety, Working Paper, (9).anystereotypesofpolicingasatherefore deserve some attention as6. Canadian Femicide Observatory formale profession. we look for changes in the way weJustice and Accountability (n.d.). Trends & Patterns in Femicide. RetrievedTheBehaviouralInsightsTeam,select our future colleagues. November 17, 2019, from https://femicideincanada.ca/about/trends.anorganizationwhichusesbehav- It is clear that change is needed if7. Alam, S., & Greenland, J. (2017) iouraleconomicsandpsychologypolicing is going to achieve genderPolice resources in Canada, 2016, toimprovepublicpolicyresults,parity.PhysicalfitnesstestingRetrieved June 10, 2018 from http:// www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/85-hashadremarkablesuccessintheremainsabarriertowomenand002-x/2017001/article/14777-eng.pdf.UnitedKingdomandintheUnitedmultiple studies have found that an8. Sanders, B. A. (2008) Using personalityStates in using social psychology toapplicants scores on a fitness test dotraits to predict police officer perform-ance, Policing: An International Journalincrease the application and successnot predict their performance as anof Police Strategies and Management, rates of groups underrepresented inofficer. The time is now to reassess31(1): 129147.17, 18 9. Robinson, S. (2015). Rethinking recruit-policing . For instance, they testedthe way we select our recruits and ment in policing in Australia: can the sources of motivation among differ- use the strong and daring leadershipcontinued use of masculinised recruitment entunderrepresentedgroups(suchthats called for to reshape the futuretests and pass standards that limit the as serving the community, or a senseof policing.number of women be justified?,Salus Journal, 3(2), 3456.ofbelonging)andfoundthatmore10.Schuck, A. M. (2014). Femalepolice applications could be promptedrepresentation in law enforcement: the based on which motivation best con- Sergeant Davidinfluence of screening, unions, incentives, community policing, CALEA, and size, nected with those underrepresentedJones has workedPolice Quarterly, 17(1), 5478.groups18.Mostimportantly,duringas a police officer11.Anderson, G. S., Plecas, D. and Segger, T.timesofausteritybudgets,manysince 2003 in patrol,(2001) Police officer physical ability test-ingRe-validating a selection criterion, interventions like these can be donechild protection,Policing: An International Journal of Police for little to no cost, while providinghuman resources,12. Strategies & Management, 24: 831.Stansfield, R.T. (1996) Issues in policing: a community policing, impressive gains. Canadian perspective, Toronto: Thompson the prevention ofEducational Publishing.Finally,researchfromthe13.Canadian Association of Chiefs of Police violent extremism, BehaviouralInsightsTeamfoundand police research. Sergeant Jones(2018) Diversity is a Canadian reality: that reducing friction points in recruitInclusion is a choice, Working paper of recently returned to school andthe CACP Global Studies 2018 cohort.selectionprocessescanleadto14.Brown, J. and Heidensohn, F. (2000) earned his masters degree in Applied improvements in selection efficiency,Criminology and Police ManagementGender and policing: Comparative andincreasedeffectivenessinperspectives, London: MacMillanat the University of Cambridge. HisPress Ltd.selecting excellent candidates18. One15.Kringen, A. L. (2014) Understanding thesis research examined police hiring of the most notorious friction pointspractices for systemic barriers forbarriers that affect recruiting and in that process is the physical fitnessretaining female police officers: a mixed women using a gender-based method approach, San Marcos, Texas evaluation.Giventhatouruseofanalysis. He can be reached atState University.force options are more numerous and16.Dormer, D. (2017) Calgary police dmj40@alumni.cam.ac.uk.nuanced than ever before, and thereofficer resigns at emotionally charged commission meeting, Retrieved arecallsforpolicede-escalationOctober 28, 2018 from https://and training to be improved, shouldwww.cbc.ca/news/canada/calgary/the fitness test still be afforded thecalgary-police-officer-resign-bullying- References sexual-harassment-1.3961102.same level of importance as it has1. 17.Linos, E., Reinhard, J., and Ruda, S. van Wormer, K., and Whaley, M. A.been in the past? The National Centre(1982) Men in police work: a feminist(2017) Levelling the playing field in forWomenandPolicinghasstatedassessment, American Journal of Police,police recruitment: Evidence from a field 2(1), 91100. experiment on test performance, Public that[n]oresearchshowsthatthe2. Rabe-Hemp, C. (2018) Thriving in an all- Administration, 95(4), 943956. physicalagilityandstrengthtestsboys club: female police and their fight for18.The Behavioral Insights Team. (2019)actuallypredictperformanceinthe3. equality, Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield. Behavioral Insights for Building the Police Schuck, A. M. (2017) Female officersForce of Tomorrow.jobofcommunitypoliceofficer19and community policing: examining the19.National Centre for Women & Policing(p.68). A number of sources advocateconnection between gender diversity(2002) Recruiting & Retaining Women: for the use of health-based screeningand organizational change, Women andA Self-Assessment Guide for Law Criminal Justice. Taylor & Francis, 27(5):Enforcement, Los Angeles:overjobtask-relatedtesting19,20,341362. US Department of Justice.and some also suggest that physical4. Kingshott, B. F. (2013) Revisiting gender20. Lonsway, K. A. (2003) Tearing downtestingshouldoccuraftertrainingissues: continuing police reform, Criminalthe wall: problems with consistency, Justice Studies, 26(3), 366392.validity, and adverse impact of physical academy,sotacticscanbetaught5. Miller, A. R., & Segal, C. (2014). Do femaleagility testing in police selection, Policepriortotesting20.Bothoftheseofficers improve law enforcement quality?Quarterly, 6(3), 237277. 12 H.Q. Winter 2019/20'