b'EMBODIED CARBONTABLE 2 : Overview of projects selected for this study.StoreysApprox.Floor Usage Location Model Code (NBCC) Above Grade/ GFA Lateral SystemBelow Grade (m2) SystemOffice / Calgary, AB 2015 3/0 2,500 OWSJ Concrete shear Health care wall, braced frameOffice Edmonton, AB 2010 3/1 6,000 OWSJ Braced framePost-Secondary Oshawa, ON 2010 5/0 7,000 CompositeConcretebeams shear wallPost-Secondary Toronto, ON 2010 5/0 25,500 CompositeConcretebeams shear wallOffice Calgary, AB 2010 5(2)/3 56,000 OWSJ Concreteshear wall(1)The construction documents were completed; however, the project is in redesign for residential use.(2)The three 5-storey buildings are connected by two stories of below grade parking.summaryoftheprojectsisprovidedinaverages across projects can be found insteelsolelysourcedfrombasicoxygen Table 2. the full report. Given these results, evenfurnaceswillmeetembodiedcarbon Acrossalltheprojects,theaveragethe baseline scenarios are predicted tolimits (Scenario 2).embodied carbon intensity including thecomply with TGS Tier 2 and 90 per cent ofFigure3showsthedistributionof structureandenvelopewasestimatedthe VBBL benchmark value. Furthermore,embodiedcarbonwithinthesame tobearound300kgCO 2 e/m2wheninthelowest-carbonscenario(ScenarioexampleasFigure2.Acrossallthe normalized by the built floor area (area1),weestimatethatlow-carbonsteelprojects, the average nonstructural (i.e., with parking) for four projects that werematerialscouldreducethebaselinecladdingandfinishings)contribution constructedinCanada.Likewise,thisembodiedcarbonbyapproximatelytothetotalembodiedcarbonwas valueisaround340kgCO 2 e/m2when15percent.Thisreductionmayallowaround 25 per cent. This shows up under normalized by the gross floor area (areatypicallow-risesteelbuildingstomeetMisccategoryinFigure3.Averaged withoutparking).SeeFigure2foranthe strictest embodied carbon limits thatforallprojects,around40percentof exampleofwbLCAresultsforoneofcurrently exist in Canada. On the otherthe embodied carbon was due to steel theseprojects;individualresultsandhand, it is unlikely that buildings utilizingmemberswhiletheremainderwas FIGURE 2 : Estimated embodied carbon intensity for one of the projects.18|WINTER 2025 ADVANTAGE STEEL'